Роль витаминов в нашей жизни переоценить невозможно. Не затрагивая вопроса о том, что предпочесть — натуральные витамины или аптечные витаминные препараты, рассмотрим три витамина группы В. Это В1 — тиамин, В6 — пиридоксин и В12 — цианокобаламин.
В лечении заболеваний периферической и центральной нервной системы все три витамина применяются давно и заслуженно считаются надежными нейротропными препаратами. Особая роль им отводится в промежуточном метаболизме, имеющим место в нервной системе.
Витамин В1 — тиамин
Тиамин, локализуясь в в мембранах клеток наших нервов, регенерирует поврежденные нервные волокнах, формирует структуру нейрональных мембран.
Для поддержания организма в здоровом состоянии человек должен потреблять определенную суточную норму витаминов. Потребность в витамине В1 в сутки составляет от 1,3 до 2,6 мг. У пожилых людей, у беременных и кормящих грудью женщин суточная потребность в данном витамине возрастает. Нуждаются в большей дозе и те, кто страдает гиперфункцией щитовидной железы, и те, кто злоупотребляет алкоголем, и те, кто подвержен постоянным стрессам и отравлениям тяжелыми металлами.
Витамин В6 — пиридоксин
Витамин В6 способствует обмену аминокислот, а также задействован в жировом и белковом обменах и в иммунных реакциях. Суточная потребность в пиридоксине для взрослого — от 1,5 до 3 мг, для ребенка до 1 года — 0,3-0,6 мг, для беременных и кормящих женщин чуть больше — до 2,2 мг в день. Этот витамин чрезвычайно нужен детям, находящимся на искусственном вскармливании, беременным женщинам и людям, длительно принимающим антибиотики.
Витамин В12 — цианокобаламин
Витамин В12 незаменим в процессе деления клеток, регулирования аминокислотного и жирового обмена, а также в кроветворении. Он кроме того участвует в биохимических процессах миелинизации волокон нервов. Потребность человека в витамине В12 в сутки составляет для взрослых 2-3 мкг, для детей 0,3-1 мкг, для беременных и кормящих матерей — 2,6-4 мкг.
Показания к назначению витаминных препаратов В1, В6, В12
Три основных витамина группы В назначают обычно при недостаточном питании, при алкоголизме, синдроме мальабсорбции. В комплексе витамины назначаются для естественного восстановления работы нервных тканей при различных полиневропатиях, а также для лечения болевых синдромов. Недостаток в любом из витаминов группы В может вызвать полиневропатию.
Дефицит витамина В1 в совокупности с токсичным действием этанола играет первейшую роль в развитии алкогольной зависимости. Если брать в пример Россию, можно сказать, что в России широко распространен процесс генерализованного поражения периферических нервов, который встречается в 10 случаях из 100 у лиц 40-70 лет, страдающих алкогольной зависимостью. При этом наблюдается ярко выраженный дефицит витамина В1, вызванный, скорее всего, углеводным питанием. Кроме того, для вывода алкоголя из организма требуется именно витамин В1, причем в большом количестве.
Разумеется, предпочтение нужно отдавать натуральным источникам витаминов. Однако, при каком-либо состоянии или заболевании человеку могут назначить и аптечные концентрированные витаминные препараты.
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